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Panama Canal - перевод на Английский
![The [[Culebra Cut]] in 1896](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/125-French method of excavation in Culebra Cut.jpg?width=200 "The [[Culebra Cut]] in 1896")
![[[Neopanamax]] ship passing through the ''Agua Clara'' locks.](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Agua Clara Locks 09 2019 0822.jpg?width=200 "[[Neopanamax]] ship passing through the ''Agua Clara'' locks.")
![[[Ferdinand de Lesseps]], the French originator of the [[Suez Canal]] and the Panama Canal](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Ferdinand de Lesseps by Nadar.jpg?width=200 "[[Ferdinand de Lesseps]], the French originator of the [[Suez Canal]] and the Panama Canal")
![[[Gatun Lake]] provides the water used to raise and lower vessels in the Canal, gravity fed into each set of locks](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Gatun Lake.jpg?width=200 "[[Gatun Lake]] provides the water used to raise and lower vessels in the Canal, gravity fed into each set of locks")
![lock]] gate at Gatún](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Gatun lock gate.JPG?width=200 "lock]] gate at Gatún")
!["mule" locomotives]] at work](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Gatun locks showing the "mule" locomotives at work.jpg?width=200 "\"mule\" locomotives]] at work")
![General [[George Washington Goethals]], who completed the canal.](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/George W. Goethals cph.3a02121.jpg?width=200 "General [[George Washington Goethals]], who completed the canal.")
![Chief engineer [[John Frank Stevens]]](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/John Frank Stevens.jpg?width=200 "Chief engineer [[John Frank Stevens]]")
.png?width=200 "right")
![Construction work on the [[Gaillard Cut]] is shown in this photograph from 1907.](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Panama Canal under construction, 1907.jpg?width=200 "Construction work on the [[Gaillard Cut]] is shown in this photograph from 1907.")
![The US's intentions to influence the area (especially the Panama Canal construction and control) led to the [[separation of Panama from Colombia]] in 1903.](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Panama canal cartooon 1903.jpg?width=200 "The US's intentions to influence the area (especially the Panama Canal construction and control) led to the [[separation of Panama from Colombia]] in 1903.")
![The [[panamax]] ship MSC ''Poh Lin'' exiting the [[Miraflores locks]], March 2013](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Panamax ship exiting the Miraflores locks.jpg?width=200 "The [[panamax]] ship MSC ''Poh Lin'' exiting the [[Miraflores locks]], March 2013")
![Location of [[Panama]] between the [[Pacific Ocean]] (bottom) and the [[Caribbean Sea]] (top), with the canal at top center](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Pm-map.png?width=200 "Location of [[Panama]] between the [[Pacific Ocean]] (bottom) and the [[Caribbean Sea]] (top), with the canal at top center")
![President [[Theodore Roosevelt]] sitting on a Bucyrus steam shovel at Culebra Cut, 1906](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Roosevelt and the Canal.JPG?width=200 "President [[Theodore Roosevelt]] sitting on a Bucyrus steam shovel at Culebra Cut, 1906")
![Miraflores locks]], are among the largest ships to pass through the canal.](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Ship passing through Panama Canal 01.jpg?width=200 "Miraflores locks]], are among the largest ships to pass through the canal.")
![Sanitation officer [[William C. Gorgas]]](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/William Crawford Gorgas.jpg?width=200 "Sanitation officer [[William C. Gorgas]]")
![A Marion [[steam shovel]] excavating the Panama Canal in 1908](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/MarioModel90 1908.jpg?width=200 "A Marion [[steam shovel]] excavating the Panama Canal in 1908")
![F&F tower]], more commonly known as "El tornillo" or "La torre tornillo" meaning "the screw" or "the screw tower"](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Famous spiral building in panama.jpg?width=200 "F&F tower]], more commonly known as \"El tornillo\" or \"La torre tornillo\" meaning \"the screw\" or \"the screw tower\"")
![Colonial [[Metropolitan Cathedral of Panama City]].](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Panama Catedral Metropolitana.jpg?width=200 "Colonial [[Metropolitan Cathedral of Panama City]].")
![The Interoceanic Canal Museum]]](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Museo del Canal.jpg?width=200 "The Interoceanic Canal Museum]]")
![Compañía de Jesús, the ruins of an ancient convent of the [[Society of Jesus]]](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Compañia de jesus.jpg?width=200 "Compañía de Jesús, the ruins of an ancient convent of the [[Society of Jesus]]")
![[[Rommel Fernández]] Soccer Stadium](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Estadio Rommel FernándezA1.jpg?width=200 "[[Rommel Fernández]] Soccer Stadium")
![[[Rod Carew]] National Baseball Stadium](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Rodcarew.jpg?width=200 "[[Rod Carew]] National Baseball Stadium")
![[[Roberto Durán]] Arena](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Arena Roberto Durán Panamá.jpg?width=200 "[[Roberto Durán]] Arena")
![[[Hospital Santo Tomás]], the largest public hospital in the country](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Hospital Santo Tomás Panamá2.jpg?width=200 "[[Hospital Santo Tomás]], the largest public hospital in the country")
![[[Hospital Nacional]], a private hospital](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Hospital Nacional Panama.jpg?width=200 "[[Hospital Nacional]], a private hospital")
![[[Instituto Oncológico Nacional]], at former [[Gorgas Hospital]]](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Gorgas hospital.jpg?width=200 "[[Instituto Oncológico Nacional]], at former [[Gorgas Hospital]]")
![The Gorgas Memorial Institute for Health Studies]]](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Gorgas Laboratory.jpg?width=200 "The Gorgas Memorial Institute for Health Studies]]")
![The Bahá'í House of Worship]]](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Bahá'í temple Panama City 2008-12-14.jpg?width=200 "The Bahá'í House of Worship]]")
![The [[Bridge of the Americas]], at the Pacific entrance to the Panama Canal](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Puente de las américas.jpg?width=200 "The [[Bridge of the Americas]], at the Pacific entrance to the Panama Canal")
Определение
Википедия
The Panama Canal (Spanish: Canal de Panamá) is an artificial 82 km (51 mi) waterway in Panama that connects the Atlantic Ocean with the Pacific Ocean and divides North and South America. The canal cuts across the Isthmus of Panama and is a conduit for maritime trade. One of the largest and most difficult engineering projects ever undertaken, the Panama Canal shortcut greatly reduces the time for ships to travel between the Atlantic and Pacific oceans, enabling them to avoid the lengthy, hazardous Cape Horn route around the southernmost tip of South America via the Drake Passage or Strait of Magellan.
Colombia, France, and later the United States controlled the territory surrounding the canal during construction. France began work on the canal in 1881, but stopped because of lack of investors' confidence due to engineering problems and a high worker mortality rate. The United States took over the project on May 4, 1904, and opened the canal on August 15, 1914. The US continued to control the canal and surrounding Panama Canal Zone until the 1977 Torrijos–Carter Treaties provided for its handover to Panama. After a period of joint American–Panamanian control, the canal was taken over by the Panamanian government in 1999. It is now managed and operated by the government-owned Panama Canal Authority.
Canal locks at each end lift ships up to Gatun Lake, an artificial lake 26 meters (85 ft) above sea level, created to reduce the amount of excavation work required for the canal, and then lower the ships at the other end. The original locks are 33.5 meters (110 ft) wide. A third, wider lane of locks was constructed between September 2007 and May 2016. The expanded waterway began commercial operation on June 26, 2016. The new locks allow transit of larger, New Panamax ships.
Annual traffic has risen from about 1,000 ships in 1914, when the canal opened, to 14,702 vessels in 2008, for a total of 333.7 million Panama Canal/Universal Measurement System (PC/UMS) tons. By 2012, more than 815,000 vessels had passed through the canal. In 2017 it took ships an average of 11.38 hours to pass between the canal's two locks. The American Society of Civil Engineers has ranked the Panama Canal one of the seven wonders of the modern world.
